GrammarN52 min read2026-02-17

どうしの フォーム(動詞の形)

Five essential Japanese verb conjugation forms used in daily communication and grammar structures.

Meaning

Japanese verbs have five main conjugation forms that are fundamental to the language. The dictionary form (辞書形) is the base form ending in 'u' found in dictionaries. The polite form (ます形) adds 'masu' for respectful speech. The negative form (ない形) adds 'nai' to express negation. The past form (た形) ends in 'ta' or 'da' to show completed actions. The te-form (て形) ends in 'te' or 'de' and connects sentences while expressing reasons or means.

Formation

Part of speechFormation
辞书动词辞书"u"结
ます"ます"结""。ます使话语听貌,并
ない"ない"动词
"た"或"だ"结动词。此,还
"て"或"で"结动词于连。此,还段。

Examples

  1. のむ → のみます → のまない → のんだ → のんで
    のむ → のみます → のまない → のんだ → のんで (to drink - Class 1 verb conjugations)

  2. たべる → たべます → たべない → たべた → たべて
    たべる → たべます → たべない → たべた → たべて (to eat - Class 2 verb conjugations)

  3. する → します → しない → した → して
    する → します → しない → した → して (to do - Class 3 verb conjugations)

Summary

  • Five verb forms are essential: dictionary form, polite form (ます), negative form (ない), past form (た), and te-form (て)
  • Different verb classes (Class 1, 2, and 3) follow different conjugation patterns when adding these forms
  • Mastering these five forms is crucial for building all other Japanese grammar patterns and sentence structures

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