GrammarN310 min read2026-02-13

Keigo Verb Table — Memorize This and You're Set

いらっしゃる, おる, いたす, うけたまわる... Special keigo verbs are exam staples. One table covers all honorific and humble verb correspondences.

The underlying logic of keigo is simple: use honorific language (sonkeigo) to elevate others' actions, and humble language (kenjougo) to lower your own. Formulas work for most verbs (お + verb + になる/いたす), but some verbs don't follow formulas — they have dedicated honorific and humble forms that you must memorize.

Formula Review

Before looking at the special verbs, confirm the two formula sets:

Honorific Formula (Other Person's Actions)

TypeFormulaExample
Regular verbお + masu-stem + になるになる
Sino-Japanese verbご + noun + になるになる
Short formお/ご + masu-stem + くださいください
Short formお/ご + masu-stem + ですですか
Universalverb + れる/られるれる

Humble Formula (Your Own Actions)

TypeFormulaExample
Regular verbお + masu-stem + するします
Regular verbお + masu-stem + いたすいたします
Sino-Japanese verbご + noun + するします
Sino-Japanese verbご + noun + いたすいたします

する → いたす → もうす → もうしあげる — the longer the word, the higher the respect.

Special Keigo Verb Table (Must Memorize)

These verbs can't use formulas — you need to memorize them directly:

Plain FormHonorific (Sonkeigo)Humble (Kenjougo)
(go)いらっしゃる・おいでになるまいる
(come)いらっしゃる・おいでになる・えるまいる
いる (be/exist)いらっしゃる・おいでになるおる
する (do)なさるいたす
べる・ (eat/drink)めしあがる・あがるいただく・ちょうだいする
(say)おっしゃるもうす・もうしあげる
(hear/ask)にする・おきになるうかがう・する・うけたまわる
(see)になるする
(know)ご存じになる存じております
です (be)でいらっしゃいますでございます
あげる (give)さしあげる
もらう (receive)いただく
くれる (give to me)くださる

Key Vocabulary Deep Dive

見える = Honorific for "Come"

見える is the most frequently tested — many students only know it means "can be seen," but it's also the honorific for "come":

社長が見えました。 The president has arrived.

When you see 見える on a test, first consider whether it means "come."

うけたまわる = Highest-Level Humble for "Hear"

This word combines 「受ける」 (receive) and 「賜わる」 (be bestowed) — "I have received your bestowed words":

ご忠告をうけたまわりました。 I have heard your advice.

さしあげる vs もうしあげる

These two look very similar but serve completely different purposes:

WordOriginPurpose
さしあげるHumble form of あげる (give)Giving/receiving verbs
もうしあげるHigher form of もうす (say)Humble formula pattern

Don't mix them up: さしあげる is "give (to you)," while もうしあげる is used in the お~もうしあげる humble formula.

Potential Form with Keigo

Both honorific and humble forms can be combined with potential:

TypeChangeExample
Honorificになる → になれるちになれますか (Can you bring it?)
Humbleする → できるできます (We can deliver it)

十万円以上お買い上げいただければ、おうちまでお送りできます。 If you purchase over 100,000 yen, we can deliver to your home.

Practical Applications

ScenePlainHonorific/Humble
Restaurant orderingをしますかなさいますか
ID verificationですかでいらっしゃいますか
Convenience store2000かります2000おあずかりします
Self-introductionですでございます
Guiding someoneしますいたします

Summary

  • Formulaic verbs: お/ご + verb + になる/いたす
  • Non-formulaic verbs: memorize the special table (行く, 来る, いる, する, 食べる, 聞く, 見る, 知る, です)
  • Most tested on exams: 見える (honorific for "come"), うけたまわる (humble for "hear")
  • Don't confuse さしあげる (humble "give") with もうしあげる (humble formula for "say")

Self-Check Exercises

Q1. What does 見える mean in 「社長が見えました」?

Show Answer

It's the honorific form of "come." Not "can be seen," but "the president has arrived." 見える as the honorific for 来る is a common N3 exam point.

Q2. Is 「2000円おあずかりします」 honorific or humble?

Show Answer

Humble (kenjougo). The cashier is the one "holding" (あずかる) the money — it's their own action, so they use the humble formula: お + あずかり + します. This shows respect toward the customer.

Q3. When do you use さしあげる vs もうしあげる?

Show Answer
  • さしあげる = humble form of あげる (give), used in giving/receiving contexts: 「お土産をさしあげます」 (I'll give you a souvenir)
  • もうしあげる = higher form of もうす (say), used in the humble formula: 「お願いもうしあげます」 (I humbly request)

One is "give," the other is "say" — don't mix them up.

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