〜1は 名詞2に 名詞3を 動詞被動形

Meaning

This passive grammar pattern expresses receiving harm, experiencing bad results, feeling annoyed, or dealing with troublesome situations. Noun1 (often omitted if clear) is the victim; Noun2 (marked by に) is the person causing the action; Noun3 (marked by を) is the thing affected. The passive verb form conveys the speaker's negative feeling toward the action.

Formation

Examples

1. A:その手、どうしたの？ B:昨日犬に手をかまれちゃった。
   A: What happened to your hand? B: A dog bit my hand yesterday.

2. 弟は泥棒に財布を盗まれました。
   My younger brother had his wallet stolen by a thief.

3. 妹に大好きなケーキを全部食べられた。
   My younger sister ate all of my favorite cake.

Summary

• Use passive form with に for the agent and を for the object to express harm or inconvenience
• Noun1 (victim) can be omitted if the context makes it obvious—the passive perspective already implies 'I' am affected
• This differs from て形+もらう, which expresses gratitude; passive form here emphasizes trouble, damage, or annoyance